Just-In-Time Production Essays - Business, Economy, Manufacturing

Just-In-Time Production Just-in-time production is considered to be on the leading edge of technological advancement. With improvements in the virtually every industry, maintaining an effective production line while minimizing inventory costs is a very feasible option. Just-in-time systems are designed to keep inventory costs at a minimum, unlike the ways of old, with large warehouses loaded with back inventory. With technology allowing instantaneous communication around the world, production lines and stores do not have to wait for days for inventory delivery. It can happen, well, just-in-time. Many companies are on the verge of switching to a just-in-time inventory system, to compliment the millions of companies that have already implemented the system. It is generally recognized that effective implementation of just-in-time will result in a significant reduction of inventories. As a matter of fact, inventory levels are key indicators for measuring just-in-time performance (Harrison). The just-in-time philosophy on inventory management is simple: - Strive for a level of zero inventories. - Produce items at the rate required by the customer. - Eliminate all unnecessary lead times. - Reduce setup costs to achieve the smallest economical lot size - ideally, a quantity of one. - Optimize material flow from suppliers through the production process to the point of sale of the finished product, so that inventories are minimized. - Ensure high quality and dependable just-in-time delivery from suppliers. - Implement a Total Quality Control (TQC) program, which will minimize scrap, rework and resultant delays in production (Naylor). While the just-in-time inventory management philosophy is simple, execution is not. In a just-in-time environment, the supplier should deliver raw materials and other purchased items when they are needed. A blanket purchase order or other suitable form of basic agreement should cover the terms and conditions for procurement. Delivery of the item should be direct to the point of use in the manufacturing plant. It is time consuming and not cost-effective for the materials to be handled in one part of a production line before it is moved to the correct location. It is up to the supplier to ensure a smooth flow of material to support production, which is obtained through optimum communication and coordination between the manufacturing plant and the supplier. It is integral that there is a working relationship between suppliers and the controller of the manufacturing plant. The supplier should be considered by the manufacturing company as an extension of the plant and should be included in all planning which involves his products. Certain individuals in the production plant should be selected to represent the company on matters pertaining to schedules and delivery quantities (Naylor). Several techniques exist for controlling the flow of material from the supplier to the manufacturing company. The specific technique should be selected which would best suit the implementation of the just-in-time concept for the particular item being purchased. Automatic inventory replenishment by the vendor is a technique where the supplier determines the need for required materials based on frequent deliveries to the plant. Depending on the nature of the production process as well as the material involved, this could range from many times a day to a less frequent interval. Visual review of existing inventory by the supplier will determine how much to deliver (Slack). The method of inventory control is not foreign to U.S. commerce and industry; visit a supermarket and see how the baker delivers his goods. He replenishes the baked goods based on a visual review of what is on the shelves. The same is true for soda and candy vendor machines. Those using oil to heat their home are certainly familiar with this type of inventory system; the driver comes by the house periodically and fills the tank. Implementing just-in-time may result in increased transportation costs due to smaller lot sizes and more frequent deliveries. However, in some industries such as chemicals there are significant trade-offs between the economy of longer lead-time and less flexible rail shipments versus more frequent tanker truckloads. Each of these cases must be examined on its own merits and on a continuing basis to determine the optimum solution (Slack). Just-in-time requires flow of material in the exact quantity required and at the exact time; the key word is exact. Regardless of the specific method used to achieve this exact material flow, there must be

What Does it Mean to Consist of an Analysis Essay Sample?

What Does it Mean to Consist of an Analysis Essay Sample?What do you think of when you hear the term analysis essay? If you've been keeping up with college writing for long, you may have encountered this term. For most students, however, an analysis is nothing more than a study guide that accompanies the end of the semester.Not every writing assignment requires a workbook or study guide, and the term anlaysis just seems to pop up as often as you hear it. But, an analysis is actually a type of essay, in the way that a term study guide is a type of study material for a class.But, what does it mean to compose an essay? An essay is a written statement about a given topic that can be expressed in the present tense or in the past. It may also include an argument or an explanation of a concept.A writer will compose an essay either in the formal style called the APA or the informal style called the MLA. There are specific formatting guidelines for each style. The main difference between an a nalysis and a sample chapter or essay is that an essay must be an uninterrupted, uninterrupted sequence of paragraphs.If you're familiar with written composition at all, you know that an essay is a collection of paragraphs arranged in a certain order. This order is usually determined by the language in which the paragraph begins and ends. The essay usually begins with a paragraph about the beginning of the topic and continues through the conclusion, in which the writer describes his or her reasons for writing the essay and how it makes him or her feel.That's how an essay begins. Each paragraph in the essay has a beginning, middle, and end, and all are followed by a concluding paragraph. If you have trouble finding a pattern in your work, you may notice that each paragraph on your paper follows the same pattern, and there are no punctuation marks before or after the opening and closing of each paragraph.It's easy to get caught up in the writing process when you're writing your essay. However, if you're unfamiliar with the outline and structure of APA or MLA style, it's easy to get lost and get things wrong. Even worse, a student may accidentally add punctuation that won't flow correctly and cause the reader to overlook the important information.When you're writing your essay, keep in mind that the writer has the final say. You cannot force the work into an outline or submit it for grading. But, if you're not sure where you're going with your writing, don't worry. You can use an analysis essay sample as a guide so that you understand how to write the essay.